神奇2013

在中国谈到学习第一反应就是，学这个有什么用？在秦以后到清末学习的意思就是读书，读书就是为了做官从政。今天读书的意思是读好书考好大学找好工作，然后呢？ 找好对象生好孩子，接着读好书考好大学找好工作。按部就班，来回循环。所以每到一个年龄段，中国人必然会面对一样的套路一样的压力。十五志于学，三十而立，四十不惑，五十知天命，六十耳顺，七十从心所欲不逾矩。几乎全部活在儒家文化的桎梏中，是孔子的思想奴隶。 我这人好奇心重，直到今天依旧会问些“愚蠢”的问题“物质是什么？”“什么才是真实？”“人类跟动物有什么本质不同？”……我也乐于记录自己对这些蠢问题的好奇与思考，甚至希望整理成书跟更多人分享。这在一些很优秀的朋友看来可能并不成熟，经历够吗？经验够吗？ 这不得不让我开始反思，为什么上下五千年文明历史的中国没有诞生现代科学？中国底蕴不够吗？分分合合，坎坎坷坷，几度山河碎，几度夕阳红，这样的经历不够吗？ 然后出来什么东西？挖出老祖宗，结合经验再挑几句感慨一番就觉着自己知天命，天人合一？ 人早期都充满好奇心求知欲，中华文明早期也如此。上下求索的屈原不止写过离骚，亦曾天问：遂古之初，谁传道之？上下未形，何由考之？…… 问问题也是一种学习方法，好奇才问。至于有什么用，是基于现实应用的考量。有时候现实条件决定你需要妥协，需要养活自己。但不要忘记好奇和求知才是动物最强大的生命力，这种本能是人类存在最好的证明。 至于如何学习才能获得诺贝尔奖，不妨去看看诺贝尔奖获得者理查·德费曼怎么回答吧——2018.6.28

费曼对于诺贝尔奖的态度，预料之中

I have already got the prize. The prize is the pleasure of finding the thing out. The kick in the discovery. The observation other people use it. Those are the real things. The honors are unreal to me.

别人可能有几个好玩的故事可以讲，费曼有上百个

物理学不是最终要的，爱才是——费曼给他的研究生学生写的一封信。

费曼去打工的经历。

费曼最擅长的不是构想一个新的理论，而是基于已经发现的东西， 但他的厉害之处在于，他比所有人都理解地好，他擅长用一个新的角度去理解一个旧的知识。

费曼和一朵漂亮的花

自然不会被欺骗

他就是人性化的物理存在

筆記。

Richard Feynman (1918-1988)

But you got to stop and think about the complexity, the INCONCEIVABLE nature of nature! 你需要停下來思考一下這些複雜性，這些不可思議的自然之本質。

I was born not knowing, and have only had a little time to change that here and there. — Richard Feynman 我生來一無所知，只是有一點時間在這兒或那兒對此做些改變。

Their father, Melville Feynman, worked for a company which made uniforms. This exposure to the military led to a strong rejection of authority, a value he instilled in his son. One of the things that my father taught me was a disrespect. He'd open a picture, a New York Times, maybe it was a General, and he'd say, "Now, look at these humans," he'd say. "Here's one human standing here and all these others are bowing. Now, what is the difference? Why are they all bowing to him? Only because of his name and his position. Because of his uniform. Not because of something he especially did." 為一家製作軍服的公司工作的父親對自己的兒子注入的價值觀：反對威權

To every man is given the key to the gates of heaven. The same key opens the gates of hell. — Buddhist saying, re-quoted by Richard Feynman 每個人都被給予一枚通往天堂之門的鑰匙，同一枚鑰匙也開啟地獄之門。(佛教徒的說法，為費曼引用)

Despite being a key member of the most secret Government project of the war, Feynman's streak of maverick mischief was never far away. 'So I used to pick the locks all the time and point out that it was very easy to do, and every time we had a meeting of the whole…everybody together, I'd get up and I'd say that we have important secrets and we shouldn't keep them in such thing. We need better locks!' 開鎖的癖好 /最出色的偵探也可以是最出色的竊賊

There is pleasure in recognizing old things from a new viewpoint. — Richard Feynman 有一種喜悅在於從一個新的視點去認知舊事物之中。

They expected me to be wonderful to offer me a job like this, and I wasn't wonderful. I though to myself, "I haven't done anything important. And I'm never going to do anything important. But I used to enjoy physics and mathematical things and because I used to play with it, it was never very important. But I used to do things for the fun of it. So I decided, I'm going to do things only for the fun of it. " 對自己的清醒認識以及只出於玩樂去做事情的心態 /是玩樂而不是享樂

The simple little diagrams Feynman had invented were a brilliant way to sidestep the complicated calculations required for QED. They were a sort of shortcut, allowing him to avoid the infinities and make meaningful predictions about the world. He saw that there was actually a sort of pictorial way of thinking about these pictures, these equations. You could associate a little cartoon, a little Feynman diagram, as we now call them, to every one of these terms in the equation. 用簡單的圖形 (diagram) 巧妙避開QED(Quantum ElectroDynamics 量子電磁力學) 中 infinite ∞ 的 indefinite. 用一種圖形化 (pictorial) 的方式思考情景圖像以及方程。 /如果費曼的藝術老師是達芬奇本尊也許繪畫和物理都將更進一大步

The prize is the pleasure of finding the thing out. The kick in the discovery. The observation other people use it. Those are the real things! The honours are unreal to me. I don't believe in honours. It bothers me. Honours bothers me! Honours is epaulettes. Honours is uniforms. 發現事物真相的樂趣就是獎賞 /諾貝爾獎的得主都不屑得獎這才是諾貝爾獎的意義

Stop trying to fill your head with science - for to fill your heart with love is enough. — Richard Feynman 有愛足夠 (mischievous backfire letter)

Probability & Uncertainty - the quantum mechanical view of nature Professor Richard Feynman gives the message lectures Cornell University 費曼在康乃爾大學的演講：可能性與不可確定性 － 自然的量子機械視點

Californian artist, Jirayr Zorthian (1911-2004) 加州亞美尼亞裔藝術家 They met at a party where Feynman played bongos.

I think he maybe got a kick out of working with his hands, but particularly the pen and doing features of people. So enthusiastic an art student was Feynman, that he took to spending time in Giannoni's, a strip bar in Pasadena. Here, he divided his attention between sketching the girls and solving physics equations. 用繪畫捕捉人物的特徵

We both liked spaghetti, because it was easy to cook, and I ask him why it was that when you broke a piece of spaghetti, it often broke into three pieces, instead of two? You should try it, it really does. So, of course, he came up with a theory of it immediately, but instead of being satisfied with it he constructed an experiment to see if the theory was true, which involved slowly moving the spaghetti off the end of the table and breaking it at different lengths. And then, that theory was wrong and he came up with another theory and then each theory would lead to another experiment. By the time the evening was over, we had broken spaghetti all over the place and we STILL didn't know why spaghetti broke in three places. 義大利麵條三斷論的實驗 ／其實生活中處處是驚奇

He didn't need the external validation of having everybody respecting him all the time, because he respected himself, he knew he was an extraordinary person. 他並不需要外部的肯定讓每個人在任何時候都要遵奉他 /越是糟糕的教授越會自卑到讓學生必須尊稱professor

Freely admitting that, yes, he was laughing at his own history. 他會對自己的過去發笑

I have a friend who's an artist and he's sometimes taken a view, which I don't agree with very well. You hold up a flower and say, "Look how beautiful it is." And I'll agree. And he says, I, as an artist, can see how beautiful this is, but you, as a scientist, take this all apart and it becomes a dull thing. And I think that he's kind of nutty. First of all, the beauty that he sees is available to other people and to me too. I believe, although I may not be quite as refined aesthetically as he is, that I can appreciate the beauty of the flower. At the same time, I see much more about the flower than he sees. I could imagine the cells in there, the complicated actions inside, which also have a beauty. I mean, it's not just beauty at this dimension of one centi-metre, there's also beauty at a smaller dimensions, the inner structure. Also the processes. The fact that the colours and the flower are evolved in order to attract insects to pollinate it is interesting. It means that insects can see the colour. It adds a question, does this aesthetic sense also exist in the lower forms? Why is it aesthetic? All kinds of interesting questions, which are science knowledge only adds to the excitement and mystery and the awe of a flower. It only adds. I don't understand how it subtracts.

我有一個朋友他是藝術家，他有時持有一種見解我並不是很同意。他拿起一枝花說，“看它多漂亮”，我同意，然後他說，我是一個藝術家，能夠看到它是多麼漂亮，而你，是一個科學家，你把它都分解開來，就會變得很無趣了。我覺得這就有點怪異了。首先，他看到的那種美對其他人和我都是可以看到的。我相信，儘管我可能沒有像他那樣更精練審美的程度，我也是可以欣賞花朵之美的。而同時，關於花我比他看到的更多。我可以想像它的細胞，其中的複雜動作，這些也都有一種美。我的意思是，並不是只在這一釐米的尺度之上的美，再更小的尺度上，在它的內部結構中，也有美。也包括各種過程。花朵顏色的進化旨在吸引昆蟲授粉這個事實也是很有趣的。它意味著昆蟲可以看到色彩。它增加了一個問題，在低等(生物)形式中是否也存在這樣的美感？為什麼會是審美？ 各種各樣有趣的問題，科學知識只會對在一枝花的興奮感 (excitement)，神秘 (mystery) 和驚奇 (awe) 有所增加。它只會增加，我不明白它怎麼會減少。

/這是費曼被引用很多的一段話。科學和藝術，無論對立或者一致，總是很難分割。這位所謂“藝術家”，他的意思就好像，你看那有個美女真是太美了，但如果你知道那美女也會拉屎放屁，那你就不會覺得美了，而是變得平淡無聊。就對自然的審美而言，藝術家和普通人並沒有多大分別，分別在於藝術家在觀察、思考、表達的創作過程，都不是簡單的複製，而是同科學家一樣的探索。因此當觀察流於表面的時候，結果可想而知。將美女物化與將她做為一個複雜的人欣賞到的美有深淺之分。另外，如果說拒絕理性思考是為了有更多想像的空間，依然與創作者的知識和經歷有關，否則就只會是臆想，結局通常是精神分裂症。優秀的藝術作品是可以被從各種層面理解的，因為它最接近自然真實的本質。

And so on Monday morning we met in my office and he sat down and started working, and he was consumed by it. All his energy and attention was devoted to solving this problem. 所有的能量和注意力都在致力於解決問題

For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations for nature can not be fooled. — Richard Feynman 真相必需優先公共關係，因為自然不能被愚弄。

He asked me what I thought he should do so I just asked him, "Do you think it's an important problem?" And he said, yes he did. I said, "Do you think you can make a difference?" And he said, after a while, he said, "Well, yeah, probably can." I didn't say another word. And after a few minutes hesitation he said, "To hell with you, Hibbs," and hung up. 你認為它是一個重要的問題嗎？你認為你可以讓它有些不同嗎？

William Rogers (1913-2001) 美國政治家，外交官，律師。 His formal, bureaucratic approach was the polar opposite of the freewheeling maverick professor. General Donald Kutyna (1933- ) 美國空軍軍官。 And so I went through this very logical step-by-step process of how you investigate a space, /在 formal, bureaucratic approach 和 logic step-by-step 之間似乎有種內在的相似。但是當規程變成繁文縟節，政府的效率就會降低；而邏輯一步步的清晰明了卻有利調查工作的進行。

It wasn't simply a technical puzzle, there was a human puzzle going on too. I already smell certain rats that I will not forget because I just love the smell of rats, for it is the spore of exciting adventure.' 這並不是一個簡單的技術謎題，而是也上演著一個人間謎題。我已經嗅到某種騙局的味道我不會忽略因為我喜歡這個味道，它是這場令人興奮的冒險的胞芽。

NASA wanted to control everything that they gave to the Commission and actually withheld things. They didn't lie, but they certainly didn't go around blabbing the truth either. NASA對調查委員會有所保留

It was Feynman's chance. He decided to use the power of a classic science demonstration. 這是費曼的機會。他決定運用經典科學演示的力量。

In the summer of 1986, the Commission's report was submitted. In its appendix, Feynman added a stark reminder about the limits of science. His last recommendation I think really summed it up in one simple paragraph. "For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled." 對於一項成功的技術而言，真相必需優先於公共關係，因為自然不會被愚弄。 /在一個不追求真相的國度，既不會有科學也不會有藝術。只有踩在空中軟綿綿的感覺，等著必然到來一再會來的自然的懲罰。

I got off on the subject. I said, "I've been thinking about an invariant in turbulent flow." He said, "What do you mean?" I explained a little bit what it was all about. The invariant, you know. I said, "Well under these, such and such conditions." And he says, "Let's see." So I had a notebook there. He took the notebook and he started, he wrote it all down step by step. think it took 13 steps to get to that. He says, "Yes, that's true, it is an invariant." Then he says, "You got me thinking about physics again. I can go home now." / invariant… 想起一個很久遠的疑問，invariant 和 constant 有區別嗎？

'"The whole universe is in a glass of wine." I don't think we'll ever know in what sense he meant that. For the poets don't like to be understood.' 詩人不喜歡被理解

The most important thing I found out from [my father] is that if you asked any question and pursued it deeply enough, then at the end there was a glorious discovery of a general and beautiful kind. No Ordinary Genius wikiquote🔗🀅

片尾介紹了英國公開大學的免費課程🔗 //www.open.edu/openlearn/free-courses/full-catalogue 這些課程過於豐富，從 Big bang 到 parenting, 知識何止是海洋。我打算先選一個語言課程，Beginners’ French: A trip to Avignon🔗，嗯，好像看到一隻蝸牛在笑.....

马克很久终于打开的一部纪录片，原来是一部跟物理学家有关的纪录片（然而，我高中最烂的科目就是物理。。。）费曼也是诺贝尔奖的获得者。

费曼很幸福，小时候就有了自己的实验室。他的爸爸在军队工作，反而鼓励儿子藐视权威。

受父亲影响，费曼并不在意什么荣誉，甚至诺贝尔奖。感觉真心要搞科学研究的人，确实会不那么在意外界给的荣誉，只是集中注意力去解决手上的问题。费曼的很大的一个特质就是，喜欢发现新生的事物，解决问题。

对荣誉不在意

费曼还跑去学了画画，虽然周围的人觉得他不应该浪费时间在这些看起来没什么意义的爱好上。

但我周围一帮智商高的人除了自己的专业，也会有很多爱好，并且对自己的爱好跟自己专业一样上头，就类似于搞研究。我记得我周围有一个理工男生，给我们分享自己的一个音乐爱好的时候，做了25页的PPT。总的来说，学业优秀的人做其他的事情也很全情投入。

最后费曼查找NASA的挑战者号的发射失败问题时，片中提出一个观点，大自然不会被愚弄。人在积极努力改造自然的时候，自然并不会是完全被动地接受改造。